Macdonell's Grammar
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CONTENTS
1. TABLE OF DEVANĀGARĪ LETTERS
CHAPTER I
1. Sanskrit
2. From the Vedic language
3. A form of Scientific Writing
4. The Devanāgirī alphabet
5. The Vowels
6. Sounds of Devanāgirī alphabet
7. Anusvāra
8. In writing the Devanāgirī alphabet
9. Consonants
10. When the five nasals
11. If a consonant is immediately
12. Modifications of simple Consonants
13. List of Componud Consonants
14. The Numerical Figures
15. Pronunciation
CHAPTER II
16. In Sanskrit
17. Vowels are divided
18. Combination of Final and Initial Vowels
19. a and ā
20. Liquid vowel
21. The Guṇa Vowels
22. The Vṛddhi Vowels
23. Vṛiddhi instead of Guṇa
24. Interjectional Particals
25. The Vowels
26. In the Epics
27. The rules of Sandhi
28. No word may end
29. Place or organ of articulation
30.Quality of Consonants
31. Essential to remember
32. Final Consonants
33. k,ṭ,t,p
34. Final t
35. Since the nasals
36. The dental nasal
37. The only four
38. Final t before palatals
39. Final t before ṭ
40. Final n before j
41. Before ḍ
42. Fianl m remains
43. Final Visarga
44. Visarga (except)
45. The Final Syllable āḥ
46. The Final Syllable aḥ
47. r followed
48. The two Pronouns
49. bhoḥ
50. Nouns
51. Doubling of Consonants
52. Fianl ṅ
53. Initial ś
54. Initial h
55. If gh
56. The rules of internal sandhi
57. In many cases
58. Final ṝ
59. e, ai, o
60. The most notable divergence
61. Nominal or verbal
62. Aspirates
63. Palatals
64. Cerebrals
65. Change of dental n to cerebral ṇ
66. The dental n
67. Change of dental s to cerebral ṣ
68. The labial m
69. The soft breathing h
CHAPTER III
70. Declension
71. Normal Case Endings
72. An important distinction
73. The strong stem
74. Nouns
75. Unchangeable Stems
76. Final consonants
77. Stems in Dentals
78. Stems in Labials
79. Stems in Palatals
80. Stems in Cerebrals
81. Stems in h
82. Stems in r
83. Stems in s
84. Changeable Stems
85. Nouns with Two Stems
86. The stems of the adjectives
87. Adjectives formed with the suffix
88. Comparatives
89. Nouns with Three Stems
90. Nouns
91. Irregular Stem
92. The root
93. Adjectives in ac
94. The beginner
95. The feminines
96. Irregular Nouns with Changeable Stems
97. Stems ending in Vowels
98. Stems in i and u
99. Irregularities
100. Stems in ī and ū
101. Stems in ṛ
102. Stems in ai, o,au
103. Degrees of Comparison
104. Numerals
105. Declension of Cardinals
106. Six
107. Ordinals
108. Numeral Adverbs and other Derivatives
109. Pronouns
110. Demonstrative Pronouns
111. Pronominal roots
112. Demonstrative pronoun
113. Interrogative pronoun
114. Relative pronoun
115. Reflexive pronouns
116. Possesive pronouns
117. Compound pronouns
118. Addind vat
119. The interrogative ka
120. Pronominal Adjective
CHAPTER IV
121. Sanskrit verbs
122. Five tenses
123. The Present System
124. The Ten Classes
125. First Conjugation
126. Second Conjugation
127. Second or Ad class
128. The Augment
129. Reduplication
130. Special rule of Reduplication for the Third class
131. Terminations
132. Paradigms
133. Irregularities of the Prsent Stem
134. Second Conjugation
135. The Present Tense
136. Singular perfect active is strong
137. The Weak stem
138. Paradigms of the Reduplicated Perfect
139. Irregularities
140. Periphrastic Perfect
141. Aorist
142. The other three forms
143. Second or s-form
144. Irregularities of the s-form
145. Third or iṣ form
146. Fourth or siṣ form
147. Second Aorist
148. Second Form
149. Third or Reduplicated Form
150. Benedictive or Precative
151. Simple Future
152. Periphrastic Future
153. Conditional
154. Passive
155. Aorist Passive
156. Participles, Grund and Infinitive
157. Reduplicated perfect
158. Ātmanepada and Passive Participles
159. Perfect Ātm.
160. Perfect Passive
161. By adding the possesive suffix
162. The Future Passive Participle
163. Gerund or Indeclinable Participle
164. Verb is compounded
165. tya is added
166. Rare Indeclinable Participle
167. Infinitive
168. Derivative Verbs
169. Desideratives
170. Special Rules of Reduplication
171. Irregularities
172. Intensives Frequentatives
173. Reduplicative syllable take Guṇa
174. gṛ awake
175. Denominatives
CHAPTER V
176. Indeclinable Words
177. Prepositional Adverbs
178. Case-notions
179. Prepositional Gerunds
180. Conjuctive and Adverbial Particles
181. Interjections
CHAPTER VI
182. Nominal Stem Formation and Compounds
183. Gender for the Sanskrit Noun
184. Verbal Compounds
185. Nominal Compounds
186. Co-ordinative Compounds
187. Dependant Determinatives
188. Discriptive Determinatives
189. Possesive Compounds
CHAPTER VII
190. Outlines of Syntax
191. The Order of Words
192. The Article
193. Number
194. Concord
195. Pronouns
196. The Cases
197. Accusative
198. Double Accusative
199. Instrumental
200. Dative
201. Ablative
202. Genitive
203. Locative
204. Anwering to the question
205. Locative and Genitive Absolute
206. Participles
207. Present Participles
208. Past Participles
209. Future Participles Passive
210. Indeclinable Participles
211. Infinitive
212. Tenses and Moods - Present
213. Past Tenses
214. Future
215. Imperative
216. Optative or Potential
217. Benedictive or Precative
218. Conditional
APPENDIX I - List of Verbs
APPENDIX II - Metre
APPENDIX III - Vedic Grammar
SANSKRIT INDEX
GENERAL INDEX
CONTENTS
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CHAPTER II
RULES OF SANDHI OR EUPHONIC COMBINATION OF LETTERS
16.
In Sanskrit
17.
Vowels are divided
18.
Combination of Final and Initial Vowels
19.
a and ā
20.
Liquid vowel
21.
The Guṇa Vowels
22.
The Vṛddhi Vowels
23.
Vṛiddhi instead of Guṇa
24.
Interjectional Particals
25.
The Vowels
26.
In the Epics
27.
The rules of Sandhi
28.
No word may end
29.
Place or organ of articulation
30.
Quality of Consonants
31.
Essential to remember
32.
Final Consonants
33.
k,ṭ,t,p
34.
Final t
35.
Since the nasals
36.
The dental nasal
37.
The only four
38.
Final t before palatals
39.
Final t before ṭ
40.
Final n before j
41.
Before ḍ
42.
Fianl m remains
43.
Final Visarga
44.
Visarga (except)
45.
The Final Syllable āḥ
46.
The Final Syllable aḥ
47.
r followed
48.
The two Pronouns
49.
bhoḥ
50.
Nouns
51.
Doubling of Consonants
52.
Fianl ṅ
53.
Initial ś
54.
Initial h
55.
If gh
56.
The rules of internal sandhi
57.
In many cases
58.
Final ṝ
59.
e, ai, o
60.
The most notable divergence
61.
Nominal or verbal
62.
Aspirates
63.
Palatals
64.
Cerebrals
65.
Change of dental n to cerebral ṇ
66.
The dental n
67.
Change of dental s to cerebral ṣ
68.
The labial m
69.
The soft breathing h
