Macdonell's Grammar

Macdonell's Grammar

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  • CONTENTS
  • 1. TABLE OF DEVANĀGARĪ LETTERS
  • CHAPTER I
  • 1. Sanskrit
  • 2. From the Vedic language
  • 3. A form of Scientific Writing
  • 4. The Devanāgirī alphabet
  • 5. The Vowels
  • 6. Sounds of Devanāgirī alphabet
  • 7. Anusvāra
  • 8. In writing the Devanāgirī alphabet
  • 9. Consonants
  • 10. When the five nasals
  • 11. If a consonant is immediately
  • 12. Modifications of simple Consonants
  • 13. List of Componud Consonants
  • 14. The Numerical Figures
  • 15. Pronunciation
  • CHAPTER II
  • 16. In Sanskrit
  • 17. Vowels are divided
  • 18. Combination of Final and Initial Vowels
  • 19. a and ā
  • 20. Liquid vowel
  • 21. The Guṇa Vowels
  • 22. The Vṛddhi Vowels
  • 23. Vṛiddhi instead of Guṇa
  • 24. Interjectional Particals
  • 25. The Vowels
  • 26. In the Epics
  • 27. The rules of Sandhi
  • 28. No word may end
  • 29. Place or organ of articulation
  • 30.Quality of Consonants
  • 31. Essential to remember
  • 32. Final Consonants
  • 33. k,ṭ,t,p
  • 34. Final t
  • 35. Since the nasals
  • 36. The dental nasal
  • 37. The only four
  • 38. Final t before palatals
  • 39. Final t before ṭ
  • 40. Final n before j
  • 41. Before ḍ
  • 42. Fianl m remains
  • 43. Final Visarga
  • 44. Visarga (except)
  • 45. The Final Syllable āḥ
  • 46. The Final Syllable aḥ
  • 47. r followed
  • 48. The two Pronouns
  • 49. bhoḥ
  • 50. Nouns
  • 51. Doubling of Consonants
  • 52. Fianl ṅ
  • 53. Initial ś
  • 54. Initial h
  • 55. If gh
  • 56. The rules of internal sandhi
  • 57. In many cases
  • 58. Final ṝ
  • 59. e, ai, o
  • 60. The most notable divergence
  • 61. Nominal or verbal
  • 62. Aspirates
  • 63. Palatals
  • 64. Cerebrals
  • 65. Change of dental n to cerebral ṇ
  • 66. The dental n
  • 67. Change of dental s to cerebral ṣ
  • 68. The labial m
  • 69. The soft breathing h
  • CHAPTER III
  • 70. Declension
  • 71. Normal Case Endings
  • 72. An important distinction
  • 73. The strong stem
  • 74. Nouns
  • 75. Unchangeable Stems
  • 76. Final consonants
  • 77. Stems in Dentals
  • 78. Stems in Labials
  • 79. Stems in Palatals
  • 80. Stems in Cerebrals
  • 81. Stems in h
  • 82. Stems in r
  • 83. Stems in s
  • 84. Changeable Stems
  • 85. Nouns with Two Stems
  • 86. The stems of the adjectives
  • 87. Adjectives formed with the suffix
  • 88. Comparatives
  • 89. Nouns with Three Stems
  • 90. Nouns
  • 91. Irregular Stem
  • 92. The root
  • 93. Adjectives in ac
  • 94. The beginner
  • 95. The feminines
  • 96. Irregular Nouns with Changeable Stems
  • 97. Stems ending in Vowels
  • 98. Stems in i and u
  • 99. Irregularities
  • 100. Stems in ī and ū
  • 101. Stems in ṛ
  • 102. Stems in ai, o,au
  • 103. Degrees of Comparison
  • 104. Numerals
  • 105. Declension of Cardinals
  • 106. Six
  • 107. Ordinals
  • 108. Numeral Adverbs and other Derivatives
  • 109. Pronouns
  • 110. Demonstrative Pronouns
  • 111. Pronominal roots
  • 112. Demonstrative pronoun
  • 113. Interrogative pronoun
  • 114. Relative pronoun
  • 115. Reflexive pronouns
  • 116. Possesive pronouns
  • 117. Compound pronouns
  • 118. Addind vat
  • 119. The interrogative ka
  • 120. Pronominal Adjective
  • CHAPTER IV
  • 121. Sanskrit verbs
  • 122. Five tenses
  • 123. The Present System
  • 124. The Ten Classes
  • 125. First Conjugation
  • 126. Second Conjugation
  • 127. Second or Ad class
  • 128. The Augment
  • 129. Reduplication
  • 130. Special rule of Reduplication for the Third class
  • 131. Terminations
  • 132. Paradigms
  • 133. Irregularities of the Prsent Stem
  • 134. Second Conjugation
  • 135. The Present Tense
  • 136. Singular perfect active is strong
  • 137. The Weak stem
  • 138. Paradigms of the Reduplicated Perfect
  • 139. Irregularities
  • 140. Periphrastic Perfect
  • 141. Aorist
  • 142. The other three forms
  • 143. Second or s-form
  • 144. Irregularities of the s-form
  • 145. Third or iṣ form
  • 146. Fourth or siṣ form
  • 147. Second Aorist
  • 148. Second Form
  • 149. Third or Reduplicated Form
  • 150. Benedictive or Precative
  • 151. Simple Future
  • 152. Periphrastic Future
  • 153. Conditional
  • 154. Passive
  • 155. Aorist Passive
  • 156. Participles, Grund and Infinitive
  • 157. Reduplicated perfect
  • 158. Ātmanepada and Passive Participles
  • 159. Perfect Ātm.
  • 160. Perfect Passive
  • 161. By adding the possesive suffix
  • 162. The Future Passive Participle
  • 163. Gerund or Indeclinable Participle
  • 164. Verb is compounded
  • 165. tya is added
  • 166. Rare Indeclinable Participle
  • 167. Infinitive
  • 168. Derivative Verbs
  • 169. Desideratives
  • 170. Special Rules of Reduplication
  • 171. Irregularities
  • 172. Intensives Frequentatives
  • 173. Reduplicative syllable take Guṇa
  • 174. gṛ awake
  • 175. Denominatives
  • CHAPTER V
  • 176. Indeclinable Words
  • 177. Prepositional Adverbs
  • 178. Case-notions
  • 179. Prepositional Gerunds
  • 180. Conjuctive and Adverbial Particles
  • 181. Interjections
  • CHAPTER VI
  • 182. Nominal Stem Formation and Compounds
  • 183. Gender for the Sanskrit Noun
  • 184. Verbal Compounds
  • 185. Nominal Compounds
  • 186. Co-ordinative Compounds
  • 187. Dependant Determinatives
  • 188. Discriptive Determinatives
  • 189. Possesive Compounds
  • CHAPTER VII
  • 190. Outlines of Syntax
  • 191. The Order of Words
  • 192. The Article
  • 193. Number
  • 194. Concord
  • 195. Pronouns
  • 196. The Cases
  • 197. Accusative
  • 198. Double Accusative
  • 199. Instrumental
  • 200. Dative
  • 201. Ablative
  • 202. Genitive
  • 203. Locative
  • 204. Anwering to the question
  • 205. Locative and Genitive Absolute
  • 206. Participles
  • 207. Present Participles
  • 208. Past Participles
  • 209. Future Participles Passive
  • 210. Indeclinable Participles
  • 211. Infinitive
  • 212. Tenses and Moods - Present
  • 213. Past Tenses
  • 214. Future
  • 215. Imperative
  • 216. Optative or Potential
  • 217. Benedictive or Precative
  • 218. Conditional
  • APPENDIX I - List of Verbs
  • APPENDIX II - Metre
  • APPENDIX III - Vedic Grammar
  • SANSKRIT INDEX
  • GENERAL INDEX
CONTENTS‎ > ‎

CHAPTER II

RULES OF SANDHI OR EUPHONIC COMBINATION OF LETTERS
16. In Sanskrit
17. Vowels are divided
18. Combination of Final and Initial Vowels
19. a and ā
20. Liquid vowel
21. The Guṇa Vowels
22. The Vṛddhi Vowels
23. Vṛiddhi instead of Guṇa
24. Interjectional Particals
25. The Vowels
26. In the Epics
27. The rules of Sandhi
28. No word may end
29. Place or organ of articulation
30. Quality of Consonants
31. Essential to remember
32. Final Consonants
33. k,ṭ,t,p
34. Final t
35. Since the nasals
36. The dental nasal
37. The only four
38. Final t before palatals
39. Final t before ṭ
40. Final n before j
41. Before ḍ
42. Fianl m remains
43. Final Visarga
44. Visarga (except)
45. The Final Syllable āḥ
46. The Final Syllable aḥ
47. r followed
48. The two Pronouns
49. bhoḥ
50. Nouns
51. Doubling of Consonants
52. Fianl ṅ
53. Initial ś
54. Initial h
55. If gh
56. The rules of internal sandhi
57. In many cases
58. Final ṝ
59. e, ai, o
60. The most notable divergence
61. Nominal or verbal
62. Aspirates
63. Palatals
64. Cerebrals
65. Change of dental n to cerebral ṇ
66. The dental n
67. Change of dental s to cerebral ṣ
68. The labial m
69. The soft breathing h


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